BISMILLAH PEMBUKA KATA

Alhamdulillah, hari ni mummy ila terbuka hati nak membuka laman blog khusus tentang penyusuan susu ibu. Sebelum ni, mummy ila hanya berkongsi ilmu & pendapat di blog AM mummy ila di http://mummy-ila.blogspot.com sahaja.

Rasanya ada baiknya mummy ila membuat 1 laman yang memudahkan ibu-ibu, bapa-bapa atau bakal ibu atau sesiapa saja yang ingin mengetahui lebih banyak berkenaan PENYUSUAN SUSU IBU & KEBAIKANNYA KEPADA ANAK-ANAK KITA.

Terlebih dahulu mummy ila memohon seribu kemaafan sekiranya ada kekurangan atau terlebih atau tersalah dalam penulisan blog ini. Ini semua berkaitan dengan pengalaman sendiri,pengalaman rakan-rakan, dari kursus-kursus formal anjuran HOSPITAL RAKAN BAYI dan juga dari bahan bacaan di buku mahupun di sesawang internet serta pengalaman seketika mengelola kaunseling di kaunter pertanyaan penyusuan di expo ibu & anak satu ketika dahulu.

Sudah lebih setahun, mummy ila tidak berkecimpung dalam pencarian ilmu di kursus-kursus mahupun kempen penyusuan atas dasar kesibukan kerja & juga masa. Namun begitu, mummy ila tidak berdiam diri sahaja. Mummy ila mendekatkan diri dengan pencarian ilmu yang lebih mendalam dari segi bacaan & menonton video-video penyusuan dari luar negara. 

Mummy ila berpendapat, ilmu tentang penyusuan ini perlu diperkembangkan dan dikongsi kepada mereka yang memerlukan agar kesedaran kebaikan susu ibu ini dapat diterima & difahami oleh masyarakat khususnya ibu-ibu di Malaysia.

Sekian.. SELAMAT DATANG KE BLOG INI DAN INSYAALLAH SEGALA ILMU YANG ADA AKAN MUMMY ILA KONGSIKAN BERSAMA...TERIMA KASIH ..

Medicines and drugs that are unsafe for breastfeeding

Some medicines can be taken by a nursing mother if she stops breastfeeding for a few days or weeks. She can pump her milk and discard it during this time to keep up her supply, while the baby drinks previously frozen milk or formula. Radioactive drugs used for some diagnostic tests like Gallium-69, Iodine-125, Iodine-131, or Technetium-99m can be taken if the woman stops nursing temporarily.

During breastfeeding, the following prescription drugs should not be taken, so as to avoid doing baby harm:

• Bromocriptine (Parlodel): A drug for Parkinson's disease, it also decreases a woman's milk supply.

• Most Chemotherapy Drugs for Cancer: Since they kill cells in the mother's body, they may harm the baby as well.

• Ergotamine (for migraine headaches): Causes vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions in infants.

• Lithium (for manic-depressive illness): Excreted in human milk.

• Methotrexate (for arthritis): Can suppress the baby's immune system.

• Tobacco Smoke: Nursing mothers should avoid smoking. Nicotine can cause vomiting, diarrhea and restlessness for the baby, as well as decreased milk production for the mother. Maternal smoking or passive smoke may increase the risk of sudden infant death syndrome and may increase respiratory and ear infections.
•  
• Drugs of Abuse: Some drugs, such as cocaine and PCP, can intoxicate the baby. Others, such as amphetamines, heroin and marijuana, can cause a variety of symptoms, including irritability, poor sleeping patterns, tremors, and vomiting. Babies become addicted to these drugs.

APA YANG PERLU ANDA TAHU TENTANG SUSU IBU?

Susu ibu diketahui keistimewaan dan kelebihannya. Tetapi masih ramai ibu yang tidak tahu manfaat dan kelebihan yang bakal diperoleh oleh ibu dan anak. Kecutkan rahim
Menyusukan bayi akan bantu anda kembali kepada bentuk tubuh asal dengan lebih cepat. Rahim yang sebelum ini membesar 20 kali lebih besar berbanding sebelum hamil mudah kecut. Hormon oksotosin yang terkandung dalma susu ibu membantu pengecutan rahim dengan menyingkirkan plasenta. Bagi ibu yang tidak menyusukan bayi, rahim mereka sukar untuk mengecut kepada keadaan asal.

Singkir mekoniumDi dalam usus bayi yang lahir, terdapat beberapa jenis bahan yang dikenali sebagai mekonium. Bahan ini jika tidak dibuang akan memberi kesan yang buruk kepada bayi. Oleh yang demikian, kolostrum yang terdapat dalam susu ibu boleh menyingkirkan bahan tersebut daripada tubuh bayi.

Mudah dihadamkan.Bayi lebih mudah hadam jika menyusu secara ekslusif. Ini disebabkan oleh enzim yang terkandung dalam susu ibu membantu proses penghadaman. Dalam pada itu, khasiat yang terdapat dalam susu ibu lebih cepat diserap ke dalam sistem tubuh bayi berbanding susu formula.

Pencegah penyakitBayi yang disusukan secara ekslusif jarang sekali dihinggapi penyakit. Ini kerana susu badan mengandungi antibodi kepada pelbagai jenis penyakit. Kira-kira 80 peratus sel dalam susu ibu terdiri daripada makrofaj. Sel berkenaan berfungsi untuk membunuh bakteria, fungus dan virus. Oleh itu, jika bayi disusukan secara ekslusif, mereka terlindung daripada daripada pelbagai jenis penyakit berbahaya termasuklah pneumonia, botulism, bronkitis, jangkitan telinga, influenza dan banyak lagi.

Elak pendarahanApabila menyusukan bayi, tubuh anda akan mengeluarkan oksitosin yan gmerangsang kontraksi. Kontraksi tersebut dapat menutup saluran darah maternal. Dengan itu, masalah pendarahan dapat dielakkan.

Kurangkan insulinBerita baik untuk anda yang menghidap penyakit kencing manis. Anda dapat mengurangkan kadar insulin hanya dengan menyusukan bayi. Bukankan itu baik untuk anda!

Stabilkan pertumbuhan endometriosisKajian klinikal menunjukkan penyusuan dapat menghentikan perkembangan endometriosis untuk sementara waktu. Ini kerana ibu yang menyusukan bayinya tidak akan datang haid untuk tempoh yang tertentu. Jadi apabila anda tidak datang haid, keadaan ini akan mengelakkan diri kesakitan akibat endometriosis.

Lindungi daripada masalah penglihatanSusu ibu penuh dengan khasiat dan salah satunya ialah vitamin A. Seperti yang diketahui, vitamin A baik untuk kesihatan mata.

Bertindak sebagai ubat penenangSusu ibu mengandungi oksitosin yang dapat mambantu menenagkan bayi. Apabila disusukan , bayi dengan sendirinya akan tenang setelah meragam.

Penahan sakit semulajadiSusu ibu mengandungi endorfin yang dapat menahan sakit. Sakit yang dirasai akibat bengkak dapat dilegakan selepas beberapa minit penyusuan bayi dilakukan. Jika bayi manjalani rutin suntikan imunisasi, anda digalakkan untuk menyusukan bayi sejurus disuntik. Penyusuan akan membantu mengurangkan kesakitan sekaligus meningkatkan keberkesanan vaksin yang diterima.

Premature And Special Circumstance Babies

Without doubt, breast milk is vital for premature babies. One study of premature babies who were tube-fed breast milk or artificial milk, but were never breastfed directly, showed that the babies who received no breast milk had IQS 8 points lower on average than those who received breast milk. Human milk has special ingredients like DHA (docosohexaenoic acid) and AA (arachidonic acid) which contribute to brain and retinal development. And all breastfed babies tend to spend a lot of their time in the "quiet alert" state which is most conducive to learning.



Breastfeeding has other special benefits for premature infants. Premature breast milk contains different amounts of some nutrients than term breast milk, more suited to the needs of premature babies. Necrotizing Enterocolitis, a serious bowel inflammation, is very rare for breastfed infants. And of course they get the same immune protection, which may be even more critical for prematures, and has been shown to reduce the risk of sepsis in these babies. Suckling at the breast, and digesting breast milk, cause less stress for the premature baby than bottle-feeding does; so most prematures can go to breast as soon as they are able to suckle. It’s vital that a mother of a premature baby breastfeeds her baby as soon as possible. Because of the reduction in infections and the shorter time to full feeding, breastfed premature infants can usually leave the incubator sooner. For some babies, breastfeeding is a life-and-death matter. In addition to its known benefit where water supplies are unsafe or food supplies erratic, breastfeeding lowers the risk of SIDS in all populations.

There are very few reasons, particularly from the baby's point of view, to avoid breastfeeding. Most authorities in the West recommend that mothers who are HIV positive not breastfeed; however, in many areas of the world breastfeeding's known benefits outweigh the small risk of transmission from breast milk. Few other medical conditions should prevent a mother from breastfeeding, as there are many medications that are suitable for use in breastfeeding moms.



Breastfeeding's immunologic and developmental benefits may be particularly important for babies with medical problems such as congenital heart disease, cleft palate, Down's syndrome, etc. In cases where the baby has a problem which affects its ability to suckle at the breast, expressed breast milk from mother is still the best choice. Banked human milk, the availability of which is unfortunately limited, would be the second choice. Commercial artificial baby milks are preferable to other alternatives, but far from perfect substitutes for human milk. These companies are always announcing that they’ve added a "new" component to their commercial formula to make it closer to human milk. But for every new artificial cone added, several more components of human milk

Baby Formula label, want a scare?

"Enzymatically hydrolyzed reduced minerals, whey protein concentrate, palm olein, soy, coconut, high-oleic safflower oils, lactose, maltodextrin, patoassium citrate, calcium phosphate, calcium chloride, salt, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, potassium iodide, soy lecithin, mono and diglycerides, inositol, choline bitartrate
sodium ascorbate, alpha tocophyeryl acetate, naicinamide, calcum pantothenate, riboflavin, pyridoxine hydrochloride, thiamine mononitrate, folic acid, phylloquinone, biotin, vitamin D3, vitamin B12, taurine,
L-carnitine"

That's what's in formula!

Whey, one of the main ingredients in almost all formulas, is a waste by-product of producing certain dairy products, particularly cheeses.  Aren't you glad that the manufacturers now have a profitable way to dispose of their former waste products?

Palm, coconut and safflower oils are some of the least expensive oils, and so are used in many snack foods, and such things as movie theatre popcorn. 

And it's not always available, of course.  Disaster can befall you and your baby anywhere, and you don't need to run to the store to get breastmilk. 

The following was excerpted from Milk, Money & Madness: The Culture and Politics of Breastfeeding (Bergin & Garvey), 1995.  1995 Naomi Baumslag and Dia L. Michels. All rights reserved, may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, without permission.

"Jennifer Stolpa knows the miracle of breastfeeding.  Stranded for 8 days in Nevada by a winter storm that buried the region, Jennifer's son Clayton is a thriving child today only because she chose to breastfeed. After spending five nights in their snow-bound truck, James left his wife and five month old son in a cave while he sought help.   Jennifer melted show in her mouth, held Clayton snugly, and nursed him throughout the ordeal. The family survived with little more than frostbite and weight loss. Experts agree that breastfeeding saved Clayton's life.

Heidi Lunn also knows the wonders of breastfeeding. Her Florida house was destroyed in Hurricane Andrew. She was nursing her three-month old baby when the storm hit. Living near the eye of the storm, her neighborhood and all the surrounding communities were destroyed. "We were trapped," Heidi recalls, "we had no water for a week, no fuel, debris covered everything. We couldn't have bought formula then had we wanted to. Thank God I was breastfeeding!"

Most people don't expect to have a disaster befall them. But acts of war, environmental accidents, and natural disasters are part of life. Floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, and ice storms can bring life as we know it to a halt. Breastfeeding mothers in Kuwait, Somalia, and Bosnia know the importance of their food supply, as do all the women who have raised children on breastmilk in concentration camps, refugee camps, and during periods of famine. No one hopes to find themselves in a desperate situation, but knowing you can take care of your child when an emergency hits can help you and your infant survive."



Benefits for Mothers

1.  Delays Fertility
Women who nurse frequently during exclusive breastfeeding remained amenorrhoeic longer than infrequent nursers, introduced supplements later and did not resume menses as promptly thereafter.  Duration of exclusive nursing and night nursing after supplementation were the major influences on amenorrhoea.
Source:  Elias,M.F. "Nursing Practices and Lactation Amenorrhoea."  Journal of Biosco Sci, 1968.

2.  Breast Cancer
Among both premenopausal and postmenopausal women, risk of breast cancer decrease with increasing duration of lifetime lactation experience although the effect was consistently stronger for premenopausal women.
Source:  McTieman, A., Evidence of Protective Effect of Lactation on Risk of Breast Cancer in Young Women."  American Journal of Epidemiology, 1986.

After controlling for age at first full term pregnancy and other potentially compounding factors, parity and duration of breast feeding also had a strong influence on the risk of breast cancer.  Compared with parous women who never breast fed, women who had breast fed for 25 months or more had a lower relative risk.
Source:  Layde, P.M., "The Independent Associations of Parity Age at First full Term Pregnancy, and Duration of Breast Feeding with the Risk of Breast Cancer."  Journal of Clinical Epidemiol, 1989.

If women who do not breastfeed or who breastfed for less than 3 months were to do so for 4 to 12 months, breast cancer among parous premenopausal women could be reduce by 11%; if all women with children lactated for 24 months or longer, the incidence might be reduced by nearly 25%.
Source:  Newcomb,P. etal.  "Lactation and reduced risk of premenopausal breast cancer."  N Engl J Med 1994; 330(2):81-87.

Women who were breastfed as infants, even if only for a short time, showed an approximate 25% lower risk of developing premenopausal or postmenopausal breast cancer, compared to women who were bottle-fed as an infant.
Source:  Freudenheim, J.  "Exposure to breast milk in infancy and the risk of breast cancer."  Epidemiology 1994 5:324-331.

3.  Uterine Cancer
A protective effect against uterine cancer was found for women who breastfeed.
Source:  Brock, K.E., "Sexual, Reproductive, and Contraceptive Risk Factors for Carcinoma-in-Situ of the Uterine Cervix in Sidney.  "Medical Journal of Australia, 1989.
4.  Ovarian CancerBreastfeeding should be added to the list of factors that decrease ovulatory age and thereby decrease the risk of ovarian cancer.
Source:  Schneider, A.P.  "Risk Factor for Ovarian Cancer.  "New England Journal of Medicine, 1987.

5.  Endometrial Cancer
Lactation provides a hypoestrogenic effect with less stimulation of the endometrial lining.  This event may offer a protective effect from endometrial cancer.
Source:  Petterson B, et al.  "Menstruation span- a time limited risk factor for endometrial carcinoma."  Acta Obstet Gyneocol Scand 1986;65:247-55.

6.  Emotional Health
At one month postpartum, women who breastfed their infants had scores indicating less anxiety and more mutuality than the women bottle feeding their infants.
Source:  Virden, S.F., "The Relationship Between Infant Feeding Method and Maternal Role Adjustment." Journal of Nurse Midwives, 1988.

7.  Decrease Insulin Requirements
Breastfeeding decreased insulin requirements in diabetic women. Reduction in insulin dose postpartum was significantly greater in those who were breastfeeding than those who were bottle feeding.
Source:  Davies, H.A., "Insulin Requirements of Diabetic Women who Breast Feed." British Medical Journal, 1989.

8. Decreased Osteoporosis
The odds ratio that a woman with osteoporosis did not breastfeed her baby was four times higher than for a control woman.
Source:  Blaauw, R. et al. "Risk factors for development of osteoporosis in a South African population."  SAMJ 1994; 84:328-32.

9. Promotes Postpartum Weight Loss
Mothers who breastfed exclusively or partially had significantly larger reductions in hip circumference and were less above their pre-pregnancy weights at 1 month postpartum than mothers who fed formula exclusively.
Source:  Kramer, F., "Breastfeeding reduces maternal lower body fat." J Am Diet Assoc 1993;93(4):429-33.

 

Long Term Benefits for Infants

a. Dental HealthAmong breastfed infants, the longer the duration of nursing the lower the incidents of malocclusion.
Source:  Labbok, M.H. "Does Breast Feeding Protect against Malocclusion?  An Analysis of the 1981 Child Health Supplement to the National Health Interview Survey". American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 1987.

b. Toddler HealthMothers of 67 infants were questioned about the types and duration of illness episodes requiring medical care between 16 and 30 months of age.  Breastfeeding was noted to decrease the number of infant illnesses and indirectly improve toddler health.
Source:  Gulick, E.E. "The Effects of Breastfeeding on the Toddler Health.  "Pediatric Nursing, 1986.

c. Diabetes MellitusChildren who developed IDDM in New South Wales, Australia were matched with healthy children (ratio 1:2) of the same sex and age for comparison.  Those who were exclusively breastfed during their first three months of life had a 34% lower risk of developing diabetes than those who were not breastfed.  Children given cow's milk-based formula in their first three months were 52% more likely to develop IDDM than those not given cow's milk formula.
Source:  Diabetes Care 1994;17:1381-1389, 1488-1490.

d. Childhood CancerChildren who are artificially fed or breastfed for only 6 months or less, are at an increased risk of developing cancer before age 15.  The risk of artificially fed children was 1-8 times that of long-term breastfed children, and the risk for short term feeders was 1-9 times that of long term breast feeders.
Source:  Davis, M.K. Infant Feeding and Childhood Cancer.  "Lancet 1988.

e. Chron's DiseaseIn this study, lack of breastfeeding was a risk factor associated with later development of Crohn's disease.
Source:  Koletzko, S., "Role of Infant Feeding Practices in Development of Crohn's Disease in Childhood."  Br Med J, 1989.

f. Hodgkin's DiseaseA statistically significant protective effect against Hodgkin's disease among children who are breastfed at least 8 months compared with children who were breastfed no more than 2 months.
Source: Schwartzbaum, J.  "An Exploratory Study of Environmental and Medical Factors Potentially Related to Childhood Cancer." Medical & Pediatric Oncology, 1991; 19 (2):115-21.

g. Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA)Preliminary data from researchers at the University of North Carolina and Duke University comparing 54 children with JRA and a control group without JRA of similar age and race indicates that children who were breastfed were only 40% as likely to develop JRA.
Source:  "Mother's Milk: An Ounce of Prevention?"  Arthritis Today May-June 1994.